Developmental papers
Gender, Class and Race Placing the Experiences of Men in Manual Work (277)
Author/s: Ruth Simpson
Track: Gender in Management
Paper Type: Developmental Papers
Keywords: gender, class, race, place
Abstract: Drawing on Bourdieu's Theory of Practice, this paper explores the role of geographical place as a materialization of social relations and practices, in the experiences of white working class men employed in manual work. Focussing on Hastings UK - a seaside town that has been identified by Government as highly deprived. It shows how gender, class, race and place intersect, contributing to feelings of (often missed) opportunities and lack of possibility and potential.
The Present and Future of Intersectionality Controversies and Challenges (301)
Author/s: Jenny K Rodriguez Stella M Nkomo
Track: Gender in Management
Paper Type: Developmental Papers
Keywords: intersectionality, post-racialism, privilege, white supremacy, white fragility, empirical validity, racial fatigue
Abstract: In this paper we discuss the present and future of intersectionality, addressing the controversies and challenges that emerge from its theory and practice, in particular, the ways in which contestations about, appropriations of and resistance to intersectionality operate in a landscape of post-racialism, where race has been weaponized against itself and has instead been replaced by the un-reflexive discussion of privilege that negates its racialized nature. We argue that the only way to go forward is to go back to the question, which we ourselves posed several years ago: "Where do we go from here?".
Perspectives On The Construction Of (Multisecting) Identities Of Female Academics In Saudi Arabia (394)
Author/s: Asmahan Ibrahim Alsalman Chidozie Rudulph Umeh
Track: Gender in Management
Paper Type: Developmental Papers
Keywords: Identity Construction- Saudi Arabia-patriarchy- Narratives - Intersectionality
Abstract: In under researched contexts in the global south and specifically in Middle Eastern countries like Saudi Arabia, uncoupling how preconceptions of social and career constraints are infused into the psyche of women, and how paradoxes implicit influence how their sense of self is crafted while theoretically fundamental, remain largely unexplored. In this article, we introduce the construct multisection identities to explore contextual paradoxes regarding how patriarchal relations influence the construction crafting of identities among women in academia in Saudi Arabia. We adopt a qualitative approach, using unstructured interviews of twenty women in two universities in Saudi Arabia, whom we engage in a conversation in which they tell their life stories by way of narratives. We hope to contribute to the discussion on intersectionality and diversity management by showing nuances of identity identity construction among women in under researched contexts of the global south, specifically in the academia in Saudi Arabia and implications for addressingchallenging inequality.
The Reconfiguration of Femininity: Comparing Neoliberalism, Postfeminism and Neoliberal Feminism (409)
Author/s: Patricia Lewis
Track: Gender in Management
Paper Type: Developmental Papers
Keywords: Neoliberalism, Postfeminism, Neoliberal Feminism, Femininity
Abstract: This is a conceptual paper which compares neoliberalism, postfeminism and neoliberal feminism as three key concepts which are drawn on to interrogate the reconfiguration of contemporary femininity. There is a tendency within current organizational writing to treat the overlaps between these three concepts as a given, as opposed to subjecting these intersections to critical scrutiny. The paper will focus on the need to not only consider their commonalities but also to understand them as separate formations which impact on the reconfiguration of femininity in specific ways with consequences for organizations and those who work within them.
Gendered Networking in a Thai State Enterprise (417)
Author/s: Nayika Kamales Maddy Wyatt Patricia Lewis
Track: Gender in Management
Paper Type: Developmental Papers
Keywords: Gendered networking, Acker, organizational logic, family
Abstract: This paper aims to demonstrates the gendered practice of networking within a state enterprise in Thailand. Drawing on Ackers 1990 theory of gendered organization we will make visible the Family organizational logic which acts as a gendered substructure informing the way in which the organization is run and how individuals interact with each other. We argue that this Family organizational logic gives rise to the other four dimensions Acker identifies which include divisions of labour, gender identity, gendered interactions and gendered symbols.
South Asian British Muslim women and their later working lives in Greater Manchester (487)
Author/s: Sajia Ferdous
Track: Gender in Management
Paper Type: Developmental Papers
Keywords: South Asian British Muslim women, older women, life-course, transnational intersectionality, gender (in)equality.
Abstract: This paper explores how gendered migration and transnational lives shape the life long attitudes and behaviour of older South Asian British Muslim women in the Greater Manchester labour market in the UK. Drawing on in depth interviews with thirty first, second and third generation older South Asian British Muslim women living in Greater Manchester, the research situates these womens lives at the intersections of institutional, organisational and sociocultural terms and across borders to show how these intersections mobilise through shaping their attitudes and perceptions to subordinate and marginalise them in social spaces as well as dissuade them paid work. Findings show that the life long intersections of the social categories of difference of age, gender, race, class and religion with their different meaning within different social systems and hierarchies reinforced these womens status as outsiders in the UK, resulting in qualitative differences in their social and structural experiences. In highlighting their perceptions, understanding and interpretations of societal experiences, norms and expectations, the study contributes to the nuanced understanding of their attitudes and behaviour in the UK labour market. The study also contributes to translocational intersectionality and life-course debates by expanding on the analytical use of social categories of difference and cumulative inequalities to unpack and explain the simultaneity of the categories life-long positioning and effects within institutional, organisational, and sociocultural dynamics.
Exploring the Intersection of Gender and Marital Status in the Middle East (490)
Author/s: Maranda Ridgway
Track: Gender in Management
Paper Type: Developmental Papers
Keywords: Expatriates, Gender, Middle East, Global mobility, marital status
Abstract: While studies have explored how factors such as perceived organisational support, overseas employment conditions, entrepreneurial undertakings and international adjustment affect the experiences of women expatriates, the intersection of being a woman and single marital status has not been explored. Single women specifically, as a subgroup of expatriate workers, remain under researched . Female non nationals account for 13 of workforce in the Middle East, however, many women only access work as a dependent on their spouses visa. There is a limited understanding of how a female expatriates marital status affects their experience of working in the Gulf Cooperation Council. This study builds on research by extending our understanding by considering the intersection of gender and marital status and the nuanced challenges and opportunities that this intersection presents. The expectation of organisations to increase diversity and inclusion demonstrates the necessity to further our understanding of the different ways by which the international careers of women can be facilitated. Contextualised in an expatriate reliant national environment, this paper contributes to the extant literature by exploring the experiences of female expatriates living and working in the Middle East.
Gendered and Neoliberal Meanings of Competition in Women Senior Leaders Identity Work Discursive Escape and Strategic Agency (508)
Author/s: Sharon Mavin Marina Yusupova
Track: Gender in Management
Paper Type: Developmental Papers
Keywords: gender, competition, women leaders
Abstract: Drawing upon an empirical study of women senior leaders in the UK, this paper examines the gendered meanings of workplace competition. The study reveals that despite operating in highly competitive contexts and occupations, the research participants discursively distance themselves from openly competitive behaviours and often do not wish to be seen as competitive individuals. This paradox presents a valuable case for analysing the tensions between a long lasting patriarchal norm of non competitive femininity and a neoliberal faith in the value of self regulating market competition perceived as a guarantor of high quality, constant growth and innovation. We argue that discursive escape from competition among highly successful career women should be understood as manifestation of their strategic agency and a protective mode, which helps women to navigate counter stereotypical leadership roles.
When Women Lead Together: The Dynamics of Shared Leadership in Community Based Enterprises. (530)
Author/s: Liji James Priya Nair Rajeev
Track: Gender in Management
Paper Type: Developmental Papers
Keywords: women, community based enterprises, shared leadership
Abstract: Organizations are witnessing a major shift in how work is being performed, necessitating alternate forms of decision-making, interdependence and shared management that traditional approaches of leadership are unable to accommodate (Gronn 2002) or explain. Community-based enterprises (CBEs) are one such organizational form in which members have equal ownership and interest in the enterprise and contribute to furthering the shared purpose without a formal hierarchy. Kudumbashree is a poverty eradication program that started in the state of Kerala in India. It has poor women as its main beneficiaries, wherein members were encouraged and enabled in setting up micro-enterprises (MEs) collectively. The members have equal ownership and interest in the enterprise and contribute to furthering its purpose without a formal hierarchy. Using a qualitative approach, the study examines the emergence and process of shared leadership. Through a qualitative study, we tried to understand the emergence and nature of shared leadership.
CEO gender, Female Representation in TMT and Firm Innovation: Examining Organizational and Environmental Boundary Conditions (645)
Author/s: Li-Qun Wei Kun Qiao
Track: Gender in Management
Paper Type: Developmental Papers
Keywords: female CEO, female representation in TMT, firm innovation, CEO self-efficacy, industry growth
Abstract: Drawing on the CEO/TMT research as well as the gender literature, his study proposes the determinant role of CEO gender on the female representation in top management teams (TMTs) as well as the moderating role of CEO efficacy in the relationship between female representation in TMT and firm innovation, with the further moderating effect from industry growth. We predict female CEOs are more likely to recruit female TMT members, but the positive female CEO-female representation in TMT should be weaker for female CEOs from a larger firm and who are higher in self-efficacy. Moreover, CEO self-efficacy negatively moderates the relationship between female representation in TMT and firm innovation and this moderating effect is especially salient for firms with female CEOs. Finally, the three-way interaction is predicted that the relationship between female representation in TMT and firm innovation should be the highest when both CEO self-efficacy and industry growth are high.
Teaching for E/Quality. Steps Towards a More Habitus-Sensible Academia. (698)
Author/s: Elisabeth Anna Guenther
Track: Gender in Management
Paper Type: Developmental Papers
Keywords: gender in academia, inequality regime, habitus, gender change policies
Abstract: This developmental paper discusses a way to foster more equality within academia. To this end, first different facets of inequality within higher education are discussed and how they are interrelated. Second, the concept habitus-sensibility is introduced. Habitus-sensibility is a social practice of agents, in order to bridge the own vocational habitus and the habitus of the other such as different students. Third, different phases for engaging in a reflexive process to achieve habitus-sensibility are sketched out and illustrated discussing the concept of passion. This developmental paper contributes to the discussion of inequality within academia by looking at teaching and showing a way on how to overcome implicit discrimination.
Against The Odds:Women Achievers in the Nigerian Banking Industry (721)
Author/s: Oluseyi Adesola Kuti
Track: Gender in Management
Paper Type: Developmental Papers
Keywords: Patriarchy, gender, senior management, coping mechanisms
Abstract: Nigeria is traditionally seen as a society governed by patriarchal systems of socialisation and cultural practices. These practices which are deep-rooted in the Nigerian culture appear to favour the interests of men above those of the women, influence the existing boss-subordinate relationship and ascribe an inferior status to the women. However, evidence from this study reveals an unusual progression of women into senior management positions in the Nigerian Banking Industry. This sector currently appears to be the only male-dominated sector in Nigeria where records exist of such a significant level of progression.
This research, therefore, aims to uncover the ways by which women in the Nigerian banking Industry have 'beaten the odds'. The purpose of this is to provide an understanding that will benefit women in the Nigerian labour market in the future and possibly, help reshape legal and policy frameworks to eliminate the worst excesses of male domination within Nigeria. This investigation is aimed at understanding the interplays involved which could highlight barriers to women's advancement through an examination of: (i) The position of the Nigerian women examined through a brief review of the existing laws (ii) The agencies, support mechanisms and coping strategies these women have utilised to confront the various challenges they encounter
Prosocial Motivation and Promotion for Managerial Positions (737)
Author/s: Tokiko Nakamura Shinichi Ito
Track: Gender in Management
Paper Type: Developmental Papers
Keywords: Promotion, Women Manager, Prosocial Motivation, Role Model, Women Career
Abstract: The number of women active in society has increased, but the ratio of female managers is still low. Many studies on inhibitory factors have been studied, and although the number of studies is small, the promoting factors are also being debated. However, although promotion occurs within the social relationship within the organisation, few studies have discussed promotion focusing on such social relationships. Therefore, this paper focuses on the concept of prosocial motivation to discuss womens promotion motivation arising from social relationships. As a result of the case study, in the absence of a managerial position as a womens role model in the organisation, it was found that prosocial motivation could stimulate promotion. This study contributes to the study of gender in organisations, illustrating womens promotion from the relational perspective.
Navigating The labyrinth: Examining The Role Of Social Capital In Helping Women To Ascend The Corporate Ladder In Pakistan. (873)
Author/s: Ayesha Bano Sadia Nadeem
Track: Gender in Management
Paper Type: Developmental Papers
Keywords: gender, social capital, social networks, national culture, career success
Abstract: Past work on social capital is general in nature, and very few studies consider gender as an important variable. Additionally, previous studies have predominantly been conducted in Western societies. This paper attempts to attain a deep understanding of how socio-cultural factors in an Eastern society, such as Pakistan, where gender egalitarianism is low, in-group collectivism is high and where women are restricted in their interactions with men due to religious norms, may impact women's ability to acquire and leverage social capital and ascend the corporate ladder. It adds to the literature on social capital by assessing the contextual implications for women in forming and leveraging social capital for career advancement. Semi-structured interviews are being conducted from approximately 30 women working at senior level management positions from various business sectors in Pakistan.
PREVENTION OF WORKPLACE HARASSMENT OF WOMEN ACT: AWARENESS AND IMPLEMENTATION A CASE OF HEIs of PAKISTAN (932)
Author/s: Amani Moazzam
Track: Gender in Management
Paper Type: Developmental Papers
Keywords: Sexual harassment, gender, discrimination
Abstract: Issues of workplace harassment and bullying have been prevailing throughput the world for a very long period of time. Post World Wars the world saw a steady increase of women in the workforce in varied fields. Over the years the workplace has continued to evolve globally giving rise to challenges of diversity especially with respect to gender. One of the biggest challenge has been workplace harassment of women of a sexual nature. This harassment is not restricted to a region but has been observed as a global phenomenon. Even in developing counties like Pakistan Law has been formulated to safeguard the interest of women at the workplacebut the laws implementation and most of all awareness are under question. The present study intends to study Higher Education Institutions and their policy regarding sexual harassment at Universities. Not only this but the general awareness of the faculty and administrative about the law in existence and its subsequent implementation. The study intends to look for potential answers as to why Institutes of Higher eduction lag behind in the implementation of a law which promises to provide a harassment free environment for its vulnerable.
Is This Door Glass or Iron for Immigrant Women Workers? (944)
Author/s: Muhterem Sebnem Ensari Esra Tahmaz
Track: Gender in Management
Paper Type: Developmental Papers
Keywords: glass door, immigrant women, recruitment
Abstract: This paper addresses barriers faced by immigrant women workers during their international recruitment process by exploring their experiences. Womens studies have accelerated in the last three decades, with almost all the management literature agreeing on the challenges for women of adapting to the business life. The most popular issue in this literature regarding the women workforce is the Glass Ceiling syndrome, which hinders women's high level positions. This study aims to develop the understanding of a new issue, which is called Glass Door, as representing gender discrimination in the recruitment process. This concept has been defined and the theory built by Hassink and Russo 2010. This study further reveals additional barriers encountered by immigrant women workers during the recruitment process in their international applications. The study is an ongoing process, with continuous outreach to women immigrants from developing countries. Specifically, the development paper, if accepted, will be expanded by outreach to new international partnerships from other countries, including developed and developing ones. In this way, the paper has the potential to make a theoretical contribution by evaluating cross cultural differences in the recruitment process of immigrant women from different nations.
The Gendering of Formal Mentoring at Work: A Systematic Literature Review and Research Agenda (963)
Author/s: Helen Woolnough Julia Rouse Sally Jones
Track: Gender in Management
Paper Type: Developmental Papers
Keywords: Formal mentoring, gender, gendering, systematic literature review
Abstract: A wealth of literature has emerged over the past 30 years documenting the outcomes of mentoring dyads in terms of mentor and protege outcomes and how these are influenced by certain antecedent factors. Specifically, research has recognised the importance of gender in mentoring relationships and how gender influences differences in the availably, construction, process and outcomes of mentoring for women and men. Yet scholarly work tends to focus on informal mentoring relationships, i.e. those that develop on an ad hoc basis, or does not specify the type of mentoring under review Janssen, Vuuren and Jong, 2016. Formal mentoring often implemented in organisations to replicate the benefits of informal mentoring differs in numerous important ways including purpose, structure and duration and scholars have called for formal mentoring relationships to be examined in their own right to progress mentoring theory Matarazzo and Finkelstein, 2015. Traditionally literature has overlooked the context of mentoring, yet it is crucial to fully understand how gender is managed and negotiated within the boundaries of organizationally sanctioned formal relationships given the gendering of organizations Acker, 1990. The aim of this paper is to review and consolidate existing knowledge regarding gender and formal mentoring in the workplace and bring new theoretical lenses to the discourse. A systematic literature review SLR will be conducted to generate a deeper appreciation of the gendering of formal mentoring at work. The paper will conclude with an agenda for future research and practice, building on the gaps identified by the review.
Shame on her Poor Her Understanding the Impact of Patriarchal Orientation on the Perceptibility of Injustice Against Women (967)
Author/s: Pearl Malhotra Shuchi Srinivasan
Track: Gender in Management
Paper Type: Developmental Papers
Keywords: Tokenism, patriarchy, injustice, benevolent sexism, patriarchal orientation
Abstract: This paper aims to fathom the vagaries in perception of both genders of injustices levied on women. We assume that a patriarchal society incorporates metaphorically unequal distribution of resources, thus leading to several events of injustice towards women. We use the lens of patriarchal orientation of men and women to understand their cognition of injustice.
Embracing The Causal Complexity Of Intersectionality Using FsQCA (1131)
Author/s: Zsofia Toth Martin Williams
Track: Gender in Management
Paper Type: Developmental Papers
Keywords: intersectionality, fuzzy set qualitative comparative analysis
Abstract: Female managers often face complex gendered challenges, especially when they navigate in male dominated business environments. Intersections of gender, race, age, religion, disability and other types of perceived otherness contribute to how female managers experience the labour market. Intersectionality encourages the understanding of the interaction of these conditions and how they occur within connected social systems and power structures. We are interested addressing the causal complexity of intersectionality and outline how a configurational approach such as fuzzy set Qualitative Analysis QCA could help this exploration.
Women Choosing to Opt-out of ICT Careers: New Perspectives on the Kaleidoscopic Careers (1139)
Author/s: Aparna Venkatesan
Track: Gender in Management
Paper Type: Developmental Papers
Keywords: Kaleidoscopic careers, opt-out, India, ICT careers
Abstract: Research has widely documented that women are increasingly choosing to opt-out of careers during mid stages Belkin, 2003 Stone, 2007; Zimmerman and Clark, 2016. Although organisational factors are equally argued to push women away from the workforce Hewlett and Luce, 2005, the academic literature has heavily documented on womens reason to exit careers mainly for family reasons Zimmerman and Clark, 2016. While women choosing to opt out during mid-careers for family reasons is found across all occupations Stone, 2007 studies increasingly point to the high exodus of women particularly high for the ICT industry during mid careers Armstrong et al., 2015. This study builds on Kaleidoscopic career model Mainiero and Sullivan, 2005 to understand why women leave mid careers from technology careers in the context of India. The study uses hermeneutic phenomenology to understand the reasons behind womens decision to opt out mid-careers from Indian ICT sector. The study interviews twenty women who have chosen to opt out of Indian ICT sector during mid stages. The study extends our knowledge and understanding of Kaleidoscopic careers in the Indian context, especially in the ICT sector.